Which of the following are breach prevention best practices? Identifying potential risks, securing data and networks, implementing access controls, destroying data before disposal, and monitoring and responding to threats are all key elements of data breach prevention best practices.

Regular employee training and awareness programs can help prevent human error from leading to a breach, as data breaches often happen due to vulnerable technology and an uneducated workforce. Having a response plan and regularly reviewing and updating security measures is important to stay ahead of evolving threats.

Key Takeaways

Data breaches result from various sources including human error, insider threats, cyber attacks (like phishing, XSS, SQL injection), third-party vulnerabilities, and lost/improperly disposed equipment.
Effective prevention involves a multi-layered approach: strong access controls (passwords, MFA), regular software updates, data encryption, employee training, vulnerability assessments, network segmentation, and secure data disposal.
Implementing email authentication (DMARC, SPF, DKIM) is crucial for preventing phishing, a common cause of breaches.
The high cost of data breaches includes direct financial losses, severe damage to customer trust and brand reputation, and significant legal/regulatory penalties.
A comprehensive data breach response plan, including data backup and recovery strategies (like the 3-2-1 rule), is essential for mitigating damage and ensuring business continuity.

What is a Data Breach?

A data breach is when someone accesses a company’s sensitive or all of its data without authorization. It’s a cyberattack where private and sensitive information is disclosed to, shared with, viewed by, or copied by an unauthorized entity. Breaches can happen anywhere, often when malicious actors take advantage of weak technology and careless user behaviour to enter a system to steal or intercept data. When they occur, it can cost companies millions of dollars in fines and penalties.

Data breaches have become one of the biggest challenges for companies today. According to IBM’s Cost of a Data Breach Report, the average cost of a data breach has crossed 4M USD in 2024. The average data breach cost for critical infrastructure businesses, on the other hand, has risen to $4.82 million. As of 2022, the average cost of data breaches in the USA reached 9.44 million dollars. Healthcare data breaches are particularly common, with 4,419 breaches of 500+ records reported between 2009 and 2021, affecting over 314 million records, as this information is valuable for selling on the dark web or committing fraud.

How Do Data Breaches Happen?

And there are many different ways a data breach could happen:

Data can be breached due to poorly trained employees or vulnerable technology.
Malicious insiders or hackers can cause a data breach.
Human error (such as accidentally sending an email to the wrong person) is another popular reason behind a data breach.

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The Impact of Data Breaches on Businesses and Individuals

Data breaches are a serious problem for businesses of all sizes and can damage not only your brand but the entire product development strategy as well. However, smaller companies are more vulnerable because they have different security resources than large enterprises. Rival companies can potentially use breached information to forestall sales and marketing strategies or steal source codes. The Yahoo! data breaches in 2013 and 2016, which affected millions of accounts, exemplify the massive scale and damage possible when details like names, emails, phone numbers, and passwords are stolen. Leaked government data can expose sensitive military or financial operations, posing risks to national security and citizens. For individuals, breaches can leak personal information like social security numbers, banking details, and medical history, leading to identity theft and fraud.

The High Cost of Data Breaches

The high cost of data breaches includes direct monetary losses and indirect costs such as loss of customer trust, reputation damage, and legal and regulatory repercussions. For example, one in five people will stop doing business with a company after it experiences a data breach.

Loss of Customer Trust and Reputation Damage

Data breaches can negatively impact your brand’s reputation by making customers feel that their personal information isn’t safe with you. This can lead to lower conversions, sales, and productivity due to employee turnover or low morale among employees who fear their sensitive information will be compromised in future attacks on your organization’s networks.

Legal and Regulatory Repercussions

If they affect consumers’ information, data breaches can result in legal and regulatory repercussions. Executives who violate privacy laws or are negligent in protecting sensitive data may face financial penalties or even criminal charges.

Sources of Data Breach

Internal Sources

Human Error: Misconfigurations, accidental exposure, sending sensitive information to the wrong recipient, careless user behavior, etc.
Insider Threats: Malicious activities by current or former employees, contractors, or trusted third parties who have legitimate access.
Access Mismanagement: Inadequate control over access privileges, failure to revoke access for former employees, or improper handling of tools like a data loader, which can inadvertently expose sensitive information.
Weak Credentials: Easily guessable or reused passwords make accounts vulnerable to brute force attacks, where hackers use trial-and-error to crack login details.

External Sources

Cyber Attacks: Hacking, phishing, ransomware, or malware attacks by external actors aiming to steal data. Common vectors include Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), where malicious scripts are injected into trusted websites; SQL Injection, where malicious code manipulates databases to grant access or steal data; and Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks, which intercept communications between two parties.
Compromised Assets: Hackers may disable security tools like antivirus software to attack systems undetected.
Third-Party Vendors: Breaches in third-party systems that connect to an organization’s network, leading to exposure of sensitive data.
Physical Break-ins: Theft or tampering of physical assets such as servers or data centers by unauthorized individuals.
Payment Card Fraud: Skimmers installed on card readers can collect card numbers for fraudulent use.

Lost Equipment

Unsecured Devices: Lost or stolen laptops, USB drives, or smartphones containing unencrypted sensitive data. Employees using unsecured personal mobile devices for work can also introduce risks if these devices download malware.
Poor Disposal Practices: Disposing of devices without properly wiping data, leading to unauthorized access by subsequent users. Simply deleting files or reformatting devices is often insufficient.

How To Prevent Data Breach Leakage?

Data breach prevention is about proactive measures to ensure your organization’s sensitive information remains safe from cyber criminals. The average cost of data breaches for small businesses can be as high as $2.98 million, emphasizing the need for robust prevention strategies regardless of company size.

This involves identifying potential risks, implementing processes and technologies that mitigate those risks, and monitoring your systems so you know if there’s been any unauthorized access or breach of security.

Regarding safeguarding your data, the first line of defense is yourself. It’s important to take a proactive approach to security and consider key strategies to ensure your data and protect against breaches.

Using DMARC to Prevent Email Phishing Attacks

DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) is an email authentication system that helps protect your domain from phishing attacks by rejecting emails that do not come from authorized senders and ensuring that legitimate email is delivered as intended. Phishing is a common method used in data breaches.

DMARC also gives you insight into how email is used across your organization so you can make changes based on your learning.

Intrusion Detection and Prevention

Your first step should be to deploy intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS). IDPS are designed to identify suspicious activity on your network and block it before it can cause damage. For example, if someone attempts to log into your network using a bogus username or password, the IDPS will detect this attack and prevent them from gaining access.

Third-Party Security Assessment

Once you have deployed an IDPS, conduct a third-party security assessment of your network’s infrastructure. This type of audit will reveal any weaknesses in your system that could lead to an unauthorized breach or intrusion. The auditor will also provide recommendations for fixing these issues so they do not become problems.

Third-Party Vendor Compliance

Limit what data your third-party vendors can access. Assess their security practices and ensure they comply with your data protection standards, as they can be an entry point for attackers.

Strong Passwords and MFA

Strong passwords are a must. They should be long, complex, and never reused. The more complicated the password, the harder it will be for malicious actors using techniques like brute force attacks to gain access. But passwords alone aren’t enough; two-factor authentication (MFA) can help prevent unauthorized access if someone gets their hands on your password.

Regular Updates and Patches

Most businesses have a firewall that keeps out hackers trying to access sensitive data or systems. However, these firewalls can only do so much; they rely on patches from vendors like Microsoft and Google to fix vulnerabilities in software like Windows XP that hackers can exploit. To protect yourself from threats like WannaCry, you need regular updates and patches for all software running on your network. Also make sure to secure your site whether it’s built with WordPress or other CMS, as website vulnerability is one of the biggest gates to data breaches.

Limited Access to Sensitive Data

The best way to prevent a breach is to limit access to sensitive data. Give access to confidential files only to people who require them to complete tasks. When possible, use software that encrypts data at rest and in transit. Even if someone gets their hands on your data, they won’t be able to read it without the encryption key. Use strong passwords and two-factor authentication whenever possible to prevent unauthorized access. Consider automating document handling with file management tools where appropriate to reduce manual access points.

Encryption of Sensitive Data

Encrypting sensitive data ensures that even if it were to be stolen, it would be useless to anyone who obtained it. Encryption can occur in transit (such as when sending sensitive information over email) or at rest (when storing sensitive data on devices). Always encrypt confidential data if you’re sharing it over email. In addition, if your team utilizes third-party software like attendance, project management tools like Jira alternatives or timesheet templates, verify that the software incorporates data encryption measures. To enhance data security in the healthcare sector, employing healthcare data mapping solutions, particularly those compliant with HL7 FHIR standards, can significantly improve the management and protection of sensitive health information.

Employee Training

Knowledgeable employees are the first line of defense against cyber attacks. Employee training should be carried out regularly so that they recognize phishing scams, malware and other threats that could compromise their devices or steal their data. Help them learn about browser hygiene and how to set strong passwords. Conduct mock drills to assess responses.

Create and Update Policies

Establish clear data security policies and update them consistently to address evolving threats. Ensure these policies are communicated effectively, and consider implementing strict penalties for non-compliance to emphasize the seriousness of data protection.

Data Breach Response Plan

A data breach response plan includes steps that must be taken immediately following a breach and planning for various types of attacks so you can respond effectively when one does occur. This also helps ensure that all parties are informed about what needs to happen in an emergency so there aren’t any delays in getting back up and running after an attack.

Data Backup and Recovery

Regularly back up critical data to protect against loss, particularly from ransomware attacks where hackers encrypt data and demand payment. Follow the 3-2-1 rule: maintain at least three copies of your data, store two copies on different storage media, and keep one copy off-site for disaster recovery.

Vulnerability Assessments and Penetration Testing

Penetration tests are assessments external cybersecurity firms perform that simulate attacks on your organization’s systems to identify vulnerabilities. This type of testing allows you to assess weaknesses in your network and make adjustments before an attacker can use them against you. Getting to grips with the fundamentals of network penetration testing is sensible even if you are not going to carry out the work yourself. A little knowledge will limit your vulnerability significantly.

Network Segmentation

Segmenting networks helps keep sensitive data separate from each other so that unauthorized users cannot access them. This improves overall network security by reducing the risk of data leaks or theft and mitigating damage if one part of the network becomes compromised.

Destroy Before Disposal

Ensure you properly dispose of confidential details stored on physical media or devices. Use software designed to permanently wipe data or physically destroy the storage media, as simply deleting files or reformatting devices is often insufficient to prevent data recovery.

Safeguard Portable Devices

Portable devices like flash drives, smartphones, tablets, and laptops are easily lost or stolen. Secure them with strong passwords or biometrics, enable encryption, and consider installing anti-theft applications that allow remote wiping or tracking. Avoid using public Wi-Fi for accessing sensitive data on these devices.

FAQs on Data Breach Prevention

Which of the Following are Breach Prevention Best Practices?

Companies can significantly reduce their risk of a data breach by implementing the best practices outlined in this guide, such as strong passwords and MFA, regular software updates and vulnerability assessments, network segmentation, data encryption, limiting access, email authentication (DMARC), secure data disposal practices, using digital flipbooks instead of normal documents where appropriate, vigilant third-party vendor management, having a response plan including data backups, and comprehensive employee training. With a robust data breach prevention strategy, businesses can effectively safeguard their data, maintain regulatory compliance, and protect their reputation.

What Can I Do If My Data Breached?

In case your data is breached, you can take the following steps:

Determine if any personally identifiable information was exposed.
Update the passwords for all affected accounts immediately.
Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) wherever possible.
Monitor your account statements and bank transactions closely for unusual activity.
Contact the necessary authorities or take legal action if appropriate.
Consider freezing your credit cards and bank accounts as a precaution.

What is the Most Common Type of Data Breach?

The most common type of data breach often involves phishing attacks, where attackers trick victims into revealing sensitive information through emails impersonating a legitimate organization, entity, or individual. However, breaches can also frequently result from stolen credentials, ransomware, malware infections, and human error.

How to Detect a Data Breach

To detect a data breach you can:

Monitor your network activity for unusual traffic patterns or data exfiltration.
Use Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) to flag suspicious activities.
Check for unusual account activity, such as logins from unfamiliar locations or times, or unexpected password reset requests.
Regularly review your system and security audit logs for anomalies.
Monitor public breach notification sites and dark web monitoring services.

How Much Does It Cost to Recover the Data Breach?

According to IBM’s Cost of a Data Breach 2024 report, the global average cost of a data breach is $4.48 million. This figure can vary significantly based on industry, company size, location, and the nature of the breach.

What Other Prevention Methods Could be Implemented to Ensure Sensitive Data is Secure?

There are several other prevention methods you could use to ensure sensitive data is secure! They are as follows:

Email Authentication: Authenticating emails using SPF, DKIM, DMARC and MTA-STS can significantly reduce the risk of data breaches by preventing phishing and spoofing attacks.
Data Masking Technologies: Data masking can ensure the smooth transmission of sensitive data without exposing it. This can be achieved through tokenization of data, by replacing sensitive information with non-sensitive placeholders or tokens.
Data Loss Prevention Tools: DLP tools monitor and restrict the movement of sensitive data outside of secure premises and are effective in monitoring and preventing data breaches.
Cybersecurity Training Courses: Several security and awareness training courses can prove to be effective in preventing future data breaches by propagating the importance of handling sensitive data with care and recognizing threats.
Secure Development Practices: Implementing security checks throughout the software development lifecycle can prevent vulnerabilities from being introduced into applications.

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Ahona Rudra

Domain & Email Security Expert at PowerDMARC

Ahona is the Marketing Manager at PowerDMARC, with 5+ years of experience in writing about cybersecurity topics, specializing in domain and email security. Ahona holds a post-graduation degree in Journalism and Communications, solidifying her career in the security sector since 2019.

How to Prevent Data Breach: Proactive Strategies and Best Practices